#Pester rov series

These deep-sea organisms rely on the energy released from extreme environments to survive and reproduce. Extreme geochemical processes in the deep-sea environment provide various special habitat types, such as hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, whale falls, seamounts, and oceanic trenches ( Bo et al., 2020 Ramirez-Llodra et al., 2007). With the development of oceanic exploration, life in extreme environments in deep-sea environments has been gradually unveiled. Deep-sea ecosystem plays a significant role in the global biogeochemical cycle and the evolution of life on our planet, which is far from well understood ( Suess, 2014).

#Pester rov series

The deep-sea environment is the final frontier on Earth, and has a series of unique features that make this environment distinct from land and other marine ecosystems ( Ramirez-Llodra et al., 2010). More than 50% of the marine environment occurs in regions below 3000 m, representing a large amount of undiscovered biodiversity ( Corinaldesi, 2015). Furthermore, a blueprint for the integration of in situ observations, sampling, controllable culture, manned experiments in underwater environments, and laboratory simulations is depicted for future studies. To clarify the thrust and key points of the future promotion of life in extreme environmental studies, prospects and challenges related to observing equipment, samplers, laboratory simulation systems, and submersibles are proposed. In addition, Equipment associated with researching the deep-sea ecosystems of hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, whale falls, seamounts, and oceanic trenches are introduced and analyzed in detail. Linkages of the developed deep-sea equipment and the discovered species are analyzed in this study. This work reviewed the historical development and the state-of-the-art of deep-sea equipment suitable for researching extreme ecosystems, to clarify the role of this equipment as a promoter for the progress of life in extreme environmental studies. Deep-sea equipment is an indispensable approach to research life in extreme environments in the deep-sea environment because of the difficulty in obtaining access to these unique habitats. Nevertheless, these ecosystems are far from well known. The deep-sea environment creates the largest ecosystem in the world with the largest biological community and extensive undiscovered biodiversity.